In a large bowl, mix flour, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In a stand mixer, beat butter and sugar until light and fluffy, about 2–3 minutes.
Add egg, lemon juice, lemon zest, vanilla extract, and food coloring (if using). Mix until smooth.
Slowly add dry ingredients to the mixer. Mix just until combined. Do not overmix.
Cover the bowl tightly and refrigerate for 2 hours.
Preheat oven to 350°F. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper.
Scoop dough using a small cookie scoop. Roll into balls.
Roll each ball first in granulated sugar, then coat heavily in powdered sugar.
Place dough balls 2 inches apart on baking sheets.
Bake for 10–12 minutes, until edges are set and centers remain soft.
Cool on baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack.